Discussion
An engine produces \( 60 \ \mathrm{kN} \) at sea level. At a density ratio of 0.35, assuming thrust scales with density, it produces approximately
Answer: D
Correct answer: 21 kN
With thrust proportional to density,
\[ F = 60 \times 0.35 = 21 \text{ kN} \]Mass flow through a given engine is proportional to the density of the air it swallows, and thrust follows it directly, which is why an engine at 11 km produces roughly a third of its sea level thrust. This lapse is what sets the cruise altitude ceiling and why take-off thrust ratings are quoted at sea level.
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