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The isotope of carbon used for radiating is :

  • A.\(\mathrm{^{11}C}\)
  • B.\(\mathrm{^{12}C}\)
  • C.\(\mathrm{^{13}C}\)
  • D.\(\mathrm{^{14}C}\)

Answer: D

The isotope used for radiocarbon dating (the paper's 'radiating') is 14C.

14C is produced in the upper atmosphere by neutrons acting on nitrogen, enters living organisms through CO2, and decays by β emission with a half-life of about 5730 years. After death the intake stops, so the remaining 14C activity measures the time elapsed.

12C and 13C are stable and cannot be used for dating, though 13C is used in NMR and in isotope-ratio studies. 11C is radioactive but has a half-life of only about 20 minutes, which suits positron emission tomography, not dating.

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