Discussion
Which detector works on the principle of ionization of gas molecules ?
Answer: C
The GM (Geiger-Müller) counter works by ionization of gas molecules.
A GM tube is filled with an inert gas such as argon with a quenching additive, at low pressure, with a high voltage between a central wire and the wall. Radiation entering the tube ionizes gas molecules; the electrons are accelerated towards the wire and cause an avalanche of further ionization, producing a large pulse that is counted.
A scintillation counter detects flashes of light emitted by a phosphor (such as NaI(Tl)) when radiation strikes it, converted to pulses by a photomultiplier. Semiconductor and surface barrier detectors are solid-state devices in which radiation creates electron-hole pairs in silicon or germanium, not ions in a gas.
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