Discussion
Assertion (A): A cluster smaller than the critical radius tends to evaporate rather than grow.
Reason (R): The energy cost of its surface exceeds the energy gained from its volume.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason is the mechanism. Below the critical radius the surface term dominates - the cluster is nearly all surface - so adding a molecule raises the free energy and the cluster is more likely to shed molecules than gain them. That is precisely why it takes an enormous supersaturation to push clusters past the barrier without help from a nucleus.
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