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What is the remainder when \( 3^{7} \) is divided by \( 8 \)?

  • A.1
  • B.2
  • C.3
  • D.5

Answer: C

Rather than computing the power in full, reduce the base first. Since \( 3^{2} = 9 \equiv 1 \pmod 8 \), every even power of 3 is 1 modulo 8:

\[ 3^{7} = \left(3^{2}\right)^{3} \cdot 3 \equiv 1^{3} \cdot 3 \equiv 3 \pmod 8 \]

The direct route agrees: \( 3^{7} = 2187 \) and \( 2187 = 8 \times 273 + 3 \).

Spotting that the base squares to 1 is what makes this quick, and the same trick handles any power of 3 modulo 8: odd powers leave 3, even powers leave 1.

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