Discussion
Assertion (A) : Even after achieving replacement level of fertility, population continues to grow.
Reason (R) : This happens basically due to inbuilt population momentum.
Answer: A
Both statements are correct and the reason explains the assertion, so the answer is A.
Replacement-level fertility means that couples have just enough children to replace themselves. A population which has had high fertility in the past has a young age structure, with many young women yet to bear children, so births stay above deaths for decades. That lag is called population momentum.
B is wrong because R is the cause of A and not an unrelated fact. C and D would make one of the statements false, but both are accepted demographic ideas.
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