Discussion
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) can be measured using :
Answer: C
Bone mineral density is measured by DEXA.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry passes two X-ray beams of different energies through the body. Bone and soft tissue absorb them differently, so the scan calculates the mineral content per unit area of bone, usually at the hip and spine. It is the standard test for diagnosing osteoporosis, reported as T-scores and Z-scores.
Harpenden callipers measure skinfold thickness to estimate body fat. The doubly labelled water technique measures total energy expenditure. Ultrasonography of the heel can screen bone quality, but it does not measure mineral density directly and is not the standard method.
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