Discussion
True or False :
(I) Capillary forces are inversely proportional to the diameter of the conduits or pores transmitting the water.
(II) Capillary fringe is thicker in sandy soils or regolith than in clay grade soils.
Answer: A
(I) is true, (II) is false.
The height of capillary rise is inversely proportional to the radius of the pore or tube:
\[ h = \frac{2\gamma \cos\theta}{\rho g r} \]
so narrower pores raise water higher, as statement I says.
It follows that statement II is false. Clay-grade soils have very fine pores, so water rises much higher in them and their capillary fringe is thicker (up to a metre or more), while coarse sand, with large pores, has a thin fringe of only a few centimetres.
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