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The ocean absorbs a substantial fraction of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere, which

  • A.raises the pH of surface waters
  • B.has no chemical effect at all on them
  • C.converts it directly into oxygen
  • D.lowers the pH of surface waters

Answer: D

Correct answer: lowers the pH of surface waters

Dissolved carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, which dissociates and releases hydrogen ions, so the pH falls - by about 0.1 unit since pre-industrial times, which is a rise of roughly thirty per cent in hydrogen ion concentration. The same reaction consumes carbonate ion, making it harder for corals, molluscs and some plankton to build calcium carbonate structures.

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