Discussion
Which characteristic of an underwater earthquake is most likely to generate a Tsunami ?
Answer: B
The deciding characteristic is its depth and the vertical displacement of the sea floor.
A tsunami is generated when the sea floor is pushed suddenly up or down, lifting or dropping the whole column of water above it. That happens most with shallow-focus earthquakes on subduction thrust faults.
Magnitude alone is not enough: a large earthquake with mainly horizontal (strike-slip) movement, or one too deep to deform the sea floor, may produce no significant tsunami. Distance from land affects how soon and how hard a tsunami strikes, not whether it forms, and duration is not the deciding factor.
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