Discussion
.................... is associated with sunken reef.
Answer: C
The sunken reef is associated with the atoll.
In Darwin's subsidence theory, a fringing reef grows around a volcanic island. As the island slowly sinks, the coral keeps growing upward and becomes a barrier reef separated from the shore by a lagoon. When the island has sunk completely below the sea, only the ring-shaped reef remains around a central lagoon: an atoll, built on a sunken foundation.
A fringing reef is attached to the coast, and a barrier reef still has land behind it, so neither stands on a fully sunken island. 'Abyssal reef' is not a recognised reef type, since reef-building corals need shallow, sunlit water.
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