Discussion
Degumming of crude oil removes
Answer: C
Correct answer: Phospholipids
Degumming removes phospholipids, also called phosphatides or gums. Water is mixed into the warm crude oil so that the hydratable phosphatides swell, become insoluble in oil, and can be separated by centrifuge.
Removing them matters because they would otherwise settle in storage, foul heat-exchange surfaces and darken the oil during deodorisation. The recovered gums are a saleable product - soya lecithin comes from exactly this stream. Colour is removed by bleaching, odour by deodorisation and free fatty acids by neutralisation, each in its own step.
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