Discussion
An oil has a free fatty acid content of \( 2.4 \) per cent as oleic acid. Neutralising \( 1000 \) kg with a 10 per cent excess of alkali requires soda equivalent to
Answer: D
Correct answer: 26.4 kg of free acid
The free acid present is 2.4 per cent of the charge:
\[ 0.024 \times 1000 = 24\ \mathrm{kg} \]
and the alkali is dosed against that figure plus a 10 per cent excess:
\[ 24 \times 1.10 = 26.4\ \mathrm{kg} \]
The excess is deliberate, ensuring the reaction goes to completion and the soap separates cleanly. It is not free: excess alkali saponifies some neutral oil as well, which is why refining loss always exceeds the acid actually removed, and why the excess is kept as small as the process will allow.
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