Discussion
Statement I: Physical refining avoids producing soapstock.
Statement II: Physical refining strips free fatty acids by steam distillation rather than by alkali reaction.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Both are true and the second explains the first. Physical refining removes free fatty acids by steam distillation under vacuum, in effect combining the acid removal with deodorisation, so no alkali is used and no soap is formed.
Alkali refining instead reacts the acid with caustic soda to form soaps, which are centrifuged off as soapstock - a low-value stream requiring its own handling, and one that carries neutral oil away with it. Physical refining therefore gives a better yield, but it demands a well-degummed feed, since phosphatides survive the distillation and would darken the oil.
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