Discussion
Consider the following pairs of refining step and what it removes:
Degumming - Phospholipids
Neutralisation - Free fatty acids
Bleaching - Colour pigments and traces of metal
Deodorisation - Waxes and high-melting glycerides
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Answer: D
Correct answer: Only three
The first three are right. Degumming removes phospholipids, neutralisation removes free fatty acids, and bleaching removes colour pigments together with traces of metals and residual soaps.
The fourth is wrong. Deodorisation removes volatile odour and flavour compounds by steam distillation under vacuum; waxes and high-melting glycerides are removed by winterisation, a chilling and filtration step. The two are easily confused because both come late in the refinery, but one works by volatility and the other by crystallisation.
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