Discussion
Assertion (A): Physical refining suits high-acid oils particularly well.
Reason (R): Alkali neutralisation of a high-acid oil carries away a great deal of neutral oil with the soaps.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason explains the suitability. Alkali refining loses neutral oil in two ways - saponification by excess alkali and entrainment in the soapstock - and both scale with the quantity of soap formed, so a high-acid oil loses a great deal.
Physical refining strips the acids by steam distillation instead, forming no soap and therefore entraining no oil, and the distillate is itself saleable. The gain grows with acidity, which is why the route is chosen for palm and rice bran oils in particular. It does demand thorough degumming first.
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