Discussion
Consider the following statements about refining:
1. Degumming removes phospholipids.
2. Bleaching removes colour pigments and traces of metal.
3. Deodorisation removes waxes.
Which of the statements given above is or are correct?
Answer: C
Correct answer: 1 and 2 only
The first two are right. Degumming removes phospholipids by hydrating them and centrifuging them out; bleaching removes colour pigments together with residual soaps and traces of metal, adsorbed onto activated earth and filtered off.
The third names the wrong step. Deodorisation strips volatile odour and flavour compounds by steam distillation under vacuum. Waxes are removed by winterisation, a chilling and filtration step, which works by crystallisation rather than volatility - a quite different mechanism for a quite different impurity.
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