Discussion
Match each refining step in List I with what it removes in List II.
List I
A. Degumming
B. Neutralisation
C. Bleaching
D. Winterisation
List II
1. Free fatty acids as soapstock
2. Phospholipids
3. Waxes and high-melting glycerides
4. Colour pigments, soaps and metals
Select the correct match.
Answer: B
Correct answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Each step removes a different class of impurity, and each works by a different mechanism. Degumming hydrates the phospholipids so they separate as a distinct phase. Neutralisation reacts free fatty acids with alkali, throwing them out as soapstock.
Bleaching adsorbs colour pigments, residual soaps and trace metals onto activated earth. Winterisation crystallises waxes and high-melting glycerides by chilling and filters them off. Reading the mechanism - hydration, reaction, adsorption, crystallisation - is a surer route through this pairing than trying to recall the list.
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