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Arrange the stages of edible oil refining in order.
1. bleaching with adsorbent clay
2. degumming to remove phosphatides
3. deodorisation under vacuum with steam
4. neutralisation of the free fatty acids

  • A.2 - 1 - 4 - 3
  • B.2 - 4 - 1 - 3
  • C.3 - 1 - 4 - 2
  • D.4 - 2 - 1 - 3

Answer: B

Gums would otherwise interfere with every later step and soap would foul the bleaching earth. Deodorisation comes last because it is the most demanding of the four in energy and vacuum. Reversing any pair of the steps causes trouble downstream.

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