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Among electric field (\(\vec{E}\)), magnetic field (\(\vec{B}\)), angular momentum (\(\vec{L}\)), and vector potential (\(\vec{A}\)), which is/are odd under parity (space inversion) operation?

  • A.\(\vec{E}\) only
  • B.\(\vec{E}\) & \(\vec{A}\) only
  • C.\(\vec{E}\) & \(\vec{B}\) only
  • D.\(\vec{B}\) & \(\vec{L}\) only

Answer: B

Under parity, \(\vec{E}\) and \(\vec{A}\) only are odd.

Parity sends \(\vec{r} \to -\vec{r}\). Polar (true) vectors change sign, while axial (pseudo) vectors, built as cross products of two polar vectors, do not.

  • \(\vec{E}\) is polar: it is the force per unit charge, and force reverses with \(\vec{r}\). Odd.
  • \(\vec{A}\) is polar: \(\vec{E} = -\nabla\phi - \partial\vec{A}/\partial t\), and \(\vec{E}\) is odd while \(\phi\) is a scalar, so \(\vec{A}\) must be odd too.
  • \(\vec{L} = \vec{r} \times \vec{p}\) is axial: both factors reverse, so \(\vec{L}\) does not. Even.
  • \(\vec{B} = \nabla \times \vec{A}\) is axial for the same reason. Even.

So options including \(\vec{B}\) or \(\vec{L}\), or leaving out \(\vec{A}\), are wrong.

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