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If quantum mechanical operators of two observables of a system do not commute, then :

  • A.the total energy of the system must be negative
  • B.the parity of the wave function of the system must be odd
  • C.the observables corresponding to these operators must be time-independent
  • D.it is impossible to know the precise values of the observables simultaneously

Answer: D

If the operators do not commute, it is impossible to know the precise values of the observables simultaneously.

Two observables can be measured simultaneously with arbitrary precision only if they share a common set of eigenstates, which is the case exactly when their operators commute. For non-commuting operators the generalised uncertainty principle sets a lower limit:

\[ \begin{aligned} \Delta A\, \Delta B &\ge \frac{1}{2}\left|\langle C \rangle\right| \\ C &= [\hat{A}, \hat{B}] \end{aligned} \]

Position and momentum, with \([x, p] = i\hbar\), are the standard example. Commutation says nothing about the sign of the energy, the parity of the wave function, or whether the observables depend on time, so the other options are unrelated.

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