Discussion
In which of the following evolutionary processes random changes in allele frequency can lead to loss of genetic diversity ?
Answer: C
The process is Genetic drift.
Genetic drift is change in allele frequency caused by chance in which gametes and individuals happen to reproduce. Because it is random, an allele can drift to fixation or be lost altogether, and every loss reduces genetic variation. The effect is strongest in small populations, and bottlenecks and founder events are dramatic cases of it.
Gene flow brings alleles in from other populations and usually increases variation. Recombination shuffles existing alleles into new combinations rather than changing their frequency by chance. 'Spontaneous selection' is not a recognised evolutionary process, and selection in general is not random: it changes allele frequencies according to fitness.
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