Discussion
Why sexual selection can lead to extreme phenotypes ?
Answer: C
Sexual selection can produce extreme phenotypes because a positive feedback exists between the gene favouring the trait and the gene coding for it.
This is Fisher's runaway process. If females prefer a trait such as a longer tail, males with longer tails leave more offspring, and the sons inherit the trait while the daughters inherit the preference. Genes for the trait and genes for the preference become correlated, each selection step strengthens the next, and the trait can be driven far beyond its survival optimum.
Extreme ornaments usually carry higher costs, as the handicap principle stresses, so the first option is wrong. Learned preference for novelty does not build up a heritable extreme, and negative feedback from predation limits the trait rather than exaggerating it.
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