Discussion
What physical effect makes a quartz crystal behave as a resonator?
Answer: A
Quartz is piezoelectric: mechanical strain produces a voltage across it and an applied voltage strains it, so an electrical circuit can excite and sense a mechanical resonance. The Hall effect is a transverse voltage in a magnetic field, the photoelectric effect concerns light and electrons, and the Seebeck effect produces a voltage from a temperature difference. It is the mechanical resonance, far sharper than any electrical one, that gives the crystal its extraordinary quality factor.
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