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How does a crystal's equivalent circuit represent it?

  • A.Two capacitors in series with a small inductance
  • B.A series RLC branch in parallel with a holder capacitance
  • C.A parallel RLC circuit in series with a resistance
  • D.A single inductance with a very high quality factor

Answer: B

The mechanical resonance appears as a series inductance, capacitance and resistance, with the electrodes' own capacitance in parallel across the whole thing. That structure gives the crystal its two resonances: a series one where the branch is purely resistive, and a parallel one slightly above it where the branch's net inductance resonates with the holder capacitance. The two-resonance behaviour follows entirely from the equivalent circuit, which is why the circuit is worth knowing rather than merely the frequencies.

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