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Why does an astable multivibrator's frequency barely depend on supply voltage?

  • A.The transistors saturate at the same voltage regardless
  • B.The cross-coupling removes any supply dependence entirely
  • C.The threshold scales with the supply along with the charging
  • D.The capacitors are charged from a constant current source

Answer: C

The capacitor charges towards the supply and the switching threshold is a junction drop, so a higher supply charges faster but has further to go, and the two effects largely cancel. No current source is involved, and saturation voltage is a small correction. That a timing circuit can be made insensitive to its supply by arranging the threshold to scale with it is a recurring idea, and it is why this simple circuit outlasted more elaborate alternatives.

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