Discussion
Electrons from cytoplasmic NADH are brought into mitochondria by malate-aspartate shuttle pathway. Select the correct option from below for which this shuttle specifically operate.
Answer: D
The malate-aspartate shuttle operates specifically in heart and liver.
NADH made by glycolysis in the cytosol cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the malate-aspartate shuttle cytosolic oxaloacetate is reduced to malate, which enters the mitochondrion and is reoxidised, regenerating NADH inside. The electrons enter the respiratory chain at Complex I, giving about 2.5 ATP per NADH. Heart, liver and kidney rely on this efficient shuttle.
Skeletal muscle and brain mainly use the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which passes the electrons to FAD and so into the chain at ubiquinone, giving only about 1.5 ATP. The pancreas is not the tissue associated with this shuttle.
Post your comment
Please log in or register to post a comment.
Examination Categories
- SSC Exams
- Banking Exams
- Teaching Exams
- Civil Services Exams
- Railways Exams
- Engineering Recruitment Exams
- Defence Exams
- State Government Exams
- Police Exams
- Insurance Exams
- Nursing Exams
- Other Government Exams
- NRA CET
- PG Entrance Exams
- Campus Placement
- MBA Entrance Exams
- CUET and UG Entrance
- Judiciary Exams
- Regulatory Body Exams
- Software Development