Discussion
Assertion (A): Titanium dioxide gives greater opacity than any other white pigment.
Reason (R): Its refractive index is far higher than that of the surrounding binder.
Answer: A
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the optics. Opacity comes from scattering, and scattering depends on the difference in refractive index between the particle and the medium around it. Rutile titanium dioxide has an index of about 2.7 against a binder’s 1.5, the largest such contrast available in a practical white pigment, so it hides in the thinnest film.
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