Discussion
Consider the following statements about the critical pigment volume concentration.
1. Above it there is insufficient binder to fill the voids between particles.
2. Gloss falls and porosity rises sharply as it is passed.
3. Gloss paints are formulated well above it.
Answer: A
Correct answer: 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 describe the critical pigment volume concentration correctly: above it the binder can no longer fill the voids between pigment particles, air is left in the film, and gloss collapses while porosity and permeability rise sharply. Statement 3 is inverted - gloss paints are formulated well *below* the critical value so that the surface is a continuous resin film. Matt paints are formulated above it, deliberately.
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