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Consider the following statements about oxygen isotopes in ice cores.
1. A lighter isotopic signature indicates colder conditions at the time of snowfall.
2. The relation must be calibrated for each site.
3. Ice core and marine isotope records carry the same signal.

  • A.All of them
  • B.1 and 2 only
  • C.3 only
  • D.1 only

Answer: B

The first two are correct. The third is wrong and the distinction matters: the ice records local temperature while the marine record chiefly reflects global ice volume. Calibration is site specific. The two records answer different questions.

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