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Discussion

Consider the following statements about the orbital theory of ice ages.
1. Orbital periods appear in the marine isotope record.
2. High latitude summer insolation is the key quantity.
3. The orbital forcing is large enough to explain the ice ages by itself.

  • A.1 and 2 only
  • B.3 only
  • C.1 only
  • D.All of them

Answer: A

The first two are correct. The third is not accepted, since feedbacks involving ice albedo and carbon dioxide are needed to amplify the modest orbital signal. Insolation alone is too small a lever. Feedbacks do most of the amplification.

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