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State whether the following is true or false.
Orbital forcing alone is sufficient to explain the magnitude of glacial cycles.

  • A.True
  • B.False
  • C.True only at large scales
  • D.False only at small scales

Answer: B

Correct answer: False

The insolation changes are small, and the eccentricity cycle in particular is very weak while the 100,000-year glacial rhythm is strong - the long-standing problem of the hundred thousand year cycle. Orbital forcing sets the timing, and feedbacks amplify it into the observed magnitude: ice albedo, greenhouse gas changes released from the ocean, dust and vegetation. The pacemaker is astronomical and the amplifier is terrestrial.

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