Discussion
The second segment climb constraint arises from
Answer: A
Correct answer: The gradient required with one engine out
The second segment is the part of the takeoff flight path from gear retraction to 400 feet, flown at V2 with the flaps still in the takeoff setting. Certification requires a minimum climb gradient there with the critical engine failed - 2.4 per cent for a twin, 2.7 for a three-engine aircraft and 3.0 for a four.
Because the remaining engines must supply both the drag and the gradient with a substantial thrust loss, this is frequently the constraint that sizes the engines of a twin. It concerns the takeoff climb, not the cruise, the ceiling or the approach.
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