Discussion
A higher aspect ratio generally moves the cruise and climb constraints
Answer: C
Correct answer: Downward, since induced drag falls
A higher aspect ratio reduces induced drag, since \( C_{D,i} = C_L^2/(\pi A e) \) falls as \( A \) rises. Less drag means less thrust is needed for the same cruise or climb performance, so both constraints move downward on the diagram and the feasible region grows.
The wetted area does rise somewhat with a longer, more slender wing, and structural weight rises too - real penalties that limit how far aspect ratio is pushed - but they do not reverse the induced drag benefit at the cruise lift coefficients of a transport. The stalling speed is unaffected, so the landing line does not move.
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