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A wing loading well to the left of the design point implies

  • A.A smaller wing
  • B.A higher stalling speed
  • C.A shorter landing distance is impossible
  • D.A larger wing, with more weight and wetted area

Answer: D

Correct answer: A larger wing, with more weight and wetted area

Wing loading is weight per unit area, so a lower wing loading - a point to the left - means a larger wing for the same weight. The penalties follow: more structural weight, more wetted area and hence more parasite drag, and a heavier aircraft that then needs more thrust and more fuel.

The compensation is a lower stalling speed and better field performance, which is why the landing constraint bounds the plane from the right. The design point is pushed as far right as the constraints allow precisely to avoid carrying a larger wing than the requirements demand.

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