Discussion
Arrange the effect of an increased range requirement in causal order:
1. Fuel weight rises
2. A longer range is specified
3. Design weight rises
4. Wing area and installed thrust both rise at the same design point
Select the correct sequence.
Answer: B
Correct answer: 2, 1, 3, 4
The chain runs from requirement to consequence. A longer range is specified (2); meeting it requires more fuel, so the fuel weight rises (1); the design weight rises accordingly (3); and since wing area and installed thrust are both proportional to weight at a fixed design point, both rise (4).
The chain does not in fact stop there: a heavier aircraft with a bigger wing and bigger engines has more structural and propulsion weight, which demands more fuel again. This is the weight growth spiral, and it is why sizing is iterated to convergence rather than computed once.
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