Discussion
Two candidate wings are offered, one of aspect ratio 8 and one of aspect ratio 11, for the same area.
How does the higher aspect ratio wing affect the constraint diagram?
Answer: C
Correct answer: It lowers the thrust-driven constraints
A higher aspect ratio reduces induced drag, since \( C_{D,i} = C_L^2/(\pi A e) \). Less drag means less thrust for the same performance, so the cruise, climb and ceiling constraints all move downward and the feasible region grows.
The landing constraint does not move, because it depends on the maximum lift coefficient and the approach speed, not on drag. The penalty for the higher aspect ratio is structural: a longer, more slender wing is heavier, and that weight growth is what limits how far aspect ratio can usefully be taken.
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