Discussion
Match each design change in List I with its effect on the diagram in List II.
List I
A. Better landing flaps
B. Higher aspect ratio
C. Shorter landing distance required
D. Heavier design weight
List II
1. Cruise and climb constraints move down
2. Landing constraint moves right
3. The lines do not move at all
4. Landing constraint moves left
Select the correct match.
Answer: D
Correct answer: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
Each change is matched to its effect. Better landing flaps (A) raise the landing \( C_{L,max} \) and permit a higher wing loading, so the landing constraint moves right (2). A higher aspect ratio (B) cuts induced drag, so the cruise and climb constraints move down (1).
A shorter landing distance requirement (C) lowers the permitted approach speed and hence the permitted wing loading, moving the landing constraint left (4). A heavier design weight (D) moves no line at all (3), because both axes are ratios - it changes only the area and thrust that a given design point implies.
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