Discussion
The Nernst equation gives the electrode response as \( 2.303 RT / F \) per pH unit. What is this at 25 degrees Celsius?
Answer: C
Substituting the gas constant, 298 kelvin and the Faraday constant gives:
\[ \tfrac{2.303 \times 8.314 \times 298}{96485} \approx 0.05916 \]
volts, that is 59.16 mV per pH unit. This is the theoretical slope every pH meter is calibrated against, and an electrode returning less than about 95 per cent of it is judged to be ageing. The figure rises with temperature, which is the root of the compensation problem that follows.
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