Discussion
What is the function of the reference electrode in a pH measurement?
Answer: C
A potential can only be measured as a difference, so the reference half cell contributes a fixed potential against which the pH dependent glass potential is read. Silver silver chloride and saturated calomel are the two standard choices. Amplification is the meter's job, the reference supplies chloride ions through its junction rather than hydrogen ions, and temperature compensation is done electronically or by a separate probe. Most trouble in pH measurement originates in the reference and its junction rather than in the glass.
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