Discussion
Which error appears when a glass electrode is used in strongly alkaline solution?
Answer: B
The alkaline or sodium error arises because at high pH there are few hydrogen ions and the membrane begins to respond to sodium ions as well, reading the solution as more acidic than it is. Lithium glasses reduce it, and the error is tabulated against sodium concentration for each glass type. The acid error, which does give a reading above the true value, is a separate effect seen below about pH 1 and attributed to water activity in the gel layer. Both are limits of the sensor rather than faults in the instrument.
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