Discussion
For a binary system at constant pressure, there are two types of invariant reactions:
(i) α ↔ β + γ
(ii) α + β ↔ γ
Analogously, how many different types of invariant reactions may exist under variable temperature and pressure, for a binary system?
Answer: C
There are 3 types.
The phase rule \(F = C - P + 2\) with C = 2 and both temperature and pressure free gives F = 0 for P = 4: an invariant point in a binary system then involves four phases. The ways one group of phases can turn into another are:
- \(\alpha \leftrightarrow \beta + \gamma + \delta\)
- \(\alpha + \beta \leftrightarrow \gamma + \delta\)
- \(\alpha + \beta + \gamma \leftrightarrow \delta\)
That is three types, just as three phases at constant pressure give the two types in the stem. 2 is the constant-pressure count, and 1 and 4 do not match the ways of splitting four phases into two non-empty sides.
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