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A modulator with sensitivity \( 2 \ \mathrm{rad/V} \) receives a \( 3 \ \mathrm{V} \) peak message. The index is

  • A.0.67 radians
  • B.5 radians
  • C.6 radians
  • D.1.5 radians

Answer: C

Multiplying sensitivity by peak amplitude:

\[ \beta_p = 2 \times 3 = 6 \ \mathrm{rad} \]

so 6 radians, a firmly wideband index. 1.5 divides the amplitude by the sensitivity, inverting the relationship. 0.67 inverts it the other way. And 5 corresponds to no combination of the figures. Because the result does not involve the message frequency at all, the same index applies to every tone the message contains, which is not true of FM. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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