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Which is the flat-noise-spectrum angle modulation?

  • A.FM
  • B.Both
  • C.Neither
  • D.PM

Answer: D

PM gives a flat output noise spectrum because its detector measures phase directly, whereas an FM discriminator differentiates and so multiplies the noise by frequency. That difference is the entire reason pre-emphasis exists in FM broadcasting. Saying both would erase the distinction that motivates the shaping, and saying neither contradicts the detector mathematics. Naming which scheme has which noise shape is worth a moment's memorisation.

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