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In FM, what does a direct-current component in the message produce?

  • A.A permanent shift of the carrier frequency
  • B.A constant phase offset
  • C.No effect at all
  • D.An amplitude change proportional to the offset

Answer: A

A constant message deviates the frequency constantly, so the carrier sits off its nominal channel for as long as the offset persists, which is why FM audio chains are always alternating-coupled. The constant-phase result belongs to PM, where it is harmless but useless. Saying there is no effect ignores the definition of frequency deviation. And amplitude is unaffected in any angle modulation.

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