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What is the equivalent frequency deviation of a PM signal?

  • A.The index divided by the message frequency
  • B.The index times the carrier frequency
  • C.The index alone, in hertz
  • D.The index times the message frequency

Answer: D

Differentiating the phase gives an equivalent deviation of index times message frequency, which is the quantity to feed into Carson's rule. Dividing inverts the relationship and would give the FM index instead. Multiplying by the carrier frequency produces an enormous and meaningless figure. And the index has no units of frequency by itself. Converting a PM index into an equivalent deviation is the standard route to a bandwidth, and it makes the two angle schemes directly comparable.

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