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What must be true for the narrowband approximation to hold in either angle scheme?

  • A.The deviation must exceed the message frequency
  • B.The bandwidth must equal the deviation
  • C.The index must be much less than one
  • D.The message frequency must be much less than the carrier

Answer: C

The approximation depends on the index being small, so that only the first sideband pair carries appreciable power. The message frequency being far below the carrier is assumed throughout and is not the criterion. Deviation exceeding message frequency is the wideband condition in FM, the opposite case. And bandwidth never equals deviation. Because the criterion is stated on the index, it applies to both schemes even though each computes its index differently.

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