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Which is the correct expression for a PM signal's instantaneous phase?

  • A.Carrier phase times the message
  • B.Carrier phase divided by the index
  • C.Carrier phase plus a term proportional to the message
  • D.Carrier phase plus a term proportional to the message's integral

Answer: C

The instantaneous phase is the carrier's phase plus a deviation proportional to the message amplitude, which is the definition of PM. Adding a term in the message's integral gives frequency modulation written as a phase, the dual expression. Multiplication would produce an unusable signal. And dividing by the index is meaningless. Writing the phase expression down correctly is the starting point for differentiating it to obtain the instantaneous frequency, which is how the equivalent deviation is derived.

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