Discussion
Which node of a phase-locked loop gives the FM message rather than the PM message?
Answer: C
The oscillator control voltage follows the instantaneous frequency and so delivers the FM message, while the phase detector's residual error follows the phase and delivers the PM message. That one loop serves both, read at two different points, is a neat consequence of frequency being the derivative of phase. The filter input and the reference are not signal outputs in this sense. Knowing which node carries which quantity is exactly the kind of detail that separates understanding a block diagram from memorising it.
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