Discussion
The fusion curve of water slopes with a negative gradient because ice is
Answer: B
Correct answer: less dense than the liquid
By the Clapeyron equation the slope of the fusion curve is \( dP/dT = \Delta H_{fus}/(T\Delta V) \). Melting absorbs heat, so \( \Delta H \) is positive; but ice contracts on melting, so \( \Delta V \) is negative and the slope is negative. This is why pressure lowers the melting point of ice, almost uniquely among substances.
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